Roland Berger’s 2026 commercial-vehicle analyses frame truck electrification the way this publication does: as an economics problem that resolves differently by duty cycle, not a technology question with one answer. Their consulting work for OEMs and fleets emphasises segment-specific TCO (depot distribution first, regional second, long-haul on infrastructure dates), infrastructure sequencing as the pacing item, and the margin threat to Western OEMs as Chinese volume manufacturers enter with structurally lower cost bases.

The consultancy lens adds two useful frames for fleet readers. First, the OEM-margin frame: European truck makers’ profitability (and thus their R&D and service-network funding) depends on navigating the transition without a price war — which is why their pricing discipline has held even as Chinese entrants press, and why fleets should expect negotiating room to open as 2030’s compliance volumes approach. Second, the utilisation frame: infrastructure returns (charging or swap) are utilisation problems — the same iron rule our swap case studies document from Yantian to Swaptopus.

We cite Roland Berger alongside ICCT, T&E, ING and McKinsey in our methodology pages — the analytical consensus on duty-cycle-first electrification is now broad enough to be treated as established.